odoo 开发入门教程系列-模型之间的关系(Relations Between Models)

模型之间的关系(Relations Between Models

在我们的estate模块中，我们需要有关房产的以下信息：

出售房产的真实重述代理人
房产类型：房子、公寓、顶层公寓、城堡…
显示了该酒店特色的一系列标签：舒适、翻新…
收到的报价清单

Many2one

参考: 本主题相关文档可查阅 Many2one

一个房产可以有一个类型，但同一类型可以分配给多个房产。这得到了many2one概念的支持。

many2one是指向另一个对象的简单链接。例如，为了在我们的测试模型中定义到 res.partner的连接，我们可以这样写：

partner_id = fields.Many2one("res.partner", string="Partner"

按约定，many2one 字段以_id 后缀。可通过以下方式轻松的访问partner中的数据：

print(my_test_object.partner_id.name

参见

练习1

添加房地产类型表

estate.property.type

Field	Type	Attributes
name	Char	required

property_type_id 到estate.property 模型和表单，树，搜索视图

提示: 别忘记在 __init__.py导入新的Python模块文件，并在__manifest.py__中添加数据或者访问权限。

odoo14/custom/estate/models/estate_property_type.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from odoo import models, fields

class EstatePropertyType(models.Model:
    _name = 'estate.property.type'
    _description = 'estate property type'

    name = fields.Char(string='type', required=True

修改odoo14/custom/estate/models/__init__.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from . import estate_property
from . import estate_property_type # 新增内容

修改odoo14/custom/estate/security/ir.model.access.csv

id,name,model_id/id,group_id/id,perm_read,perm_write,perm_create,perm_unlink
access_estate_model,access_estate_model,model_estate_property,base.group_user,1,1,1,1
access_estate_property_type_model,access_estate_property_type_model,model_estate_property_type,base.group_user,1,1,1,1

修改odoo14/custom/estate/views/estate_menus.view

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<odoo>
    <menuitem id="test_menu_root" name="Real Estate">
        <menuitem id="test_first_level_menu" name="Advertisements">
            <menuitem id="estate_property_menu_action" action="link_estate_property_action"/>
        </menuitem>
        <menuitem id="property_type_first_level_menu" name="Settings">
            <menuitem id="property_type_action" action="estate_property_type_action"/>
        </menuitem>
    </menuitem>
</odoo>

新增odoo14/custom/estate/views/estate_property_type_views.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<odoo>
    <record id="estate_property_type_action" model="ir.actions.act_window">
        <field name="name">Property Types</field>
        <field name="res_model">estate.property.type</field>
        <field name="view_mode">tree,form</field>
    </record>

    <record id="estate_property_type_view_tree" model="ir.ui.view">
        <field name="name">estate.property.type.tree</field>
        <field name="model">estate.property.type</field>
        <field name="arch" type="xml">
            <tree string="PropertyTypes">
                <field name="name" string="Title"/>
            </tree>
        </field>
    </record>
</odoo>

修改odoo14/custom/__manifest__.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
{
    'name': 'estate',
    'depends': ['base'],
    'data':['security/ir.model.access.csv',
            'views/estate_property_views.xml',
            'views/estate_property_type_views.xml', # 新增内容
            'views/estate_menus.xml',
            ]
}

再次重启服务，并刷新查看结果。

odoo14/custom/estate/models/estate_property.py，添加property_type_id

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from odoo import models,fields

class EstateProperty(models.Model:
    _name = 'estate.property'
    _description = 'estate property table'

    name = fields.Char(size=15, required=True
    description = fields.Text(
    postcode = fields.Char(size=15
    date_availability = fields.Datetime('Availability Date', copy=False, default= lambda self: fields.Datetime.today(
    expected_price = fields.Float('expected price', digits=(8, 2,  required=True # 最大8位，小数占2位
    selling_price = fields.Float('selling price', digits=(8, 2, readonly=True, copy=False
    bedrooms = fields.Integer(default=2
    living_area = fields.Integer(
    facades = fields.Integer(
    garage = fields.Boolean('garage'
    garden = fields.Boolean('garden'
    garden_area = fields.Integer(
    garden_orientation = fields.Selection(
        string='Orientation',
        selection=[('north', 'North', ('south', 'South', ('east', 'East', ('West','West'],
        help="garden orientation"
    
    active = fields.Boolean('Active', default=True, invisible=True
    state = fields.Selection(
        string='State',
        selection=[('New','New',
                   ('Offer Received','Offer Received',
                   ('Offer Accepted', 'Offer Accepted',
                   ('Sold','Sold',
                   ('Canceled', 'Canceled'],
        copy=False
    
    property_type_id = fields.Many2one("estate.property.type", "PropertyType"

修改odoo14/custom/estate/views/estate_property_views.xml tree，form视图

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<odoo>
    <record id="link_estate_property_action" model="ir.actions.act_window">
        <field name="name">Properties</field>
        <field name="res_model">estate.property</field>
        <field name="view_mode">tree,form</field>
    </record>

    <record id="estate_property_view_tree" model="ir.ui.view">
        <field name="name">estate.property.tree</field>
        <field name="model">estate.property</field>
        <field name="arch" type="xml">
            <tree string="Tests">
                <field name="name" string="Title"/>
                <field name="postcode" string="Postcode"/>
                <field name="bedrooms" string="Bedrooms"/>
                <field name="living_area" string="Living Area"/>
                <field name="expected_price" string="Expected Price"/>
                <field name="selling_price" string="Selling Price"/>
                <field name="date_availability" string="Avalilable Form"/>
                <field name="property_type_id" string="Property Type"/>
            </tree>
        </field>
    </record>

    <record id="estate_property_view_form" model="ir.ui.view">
        <field name="name">estate.property.form</field>
        <field name="model">estate.property</field>
        <field name="arch" type="xml">
            <form string="estate property form">
                <sheet>
                    <h2>
                        <field name="name"/>
                    </h2>
                    <group>
                        <group>
                            <field name="property_type_id" string="Property Type"/>
                            <field name="postcode" string="Postcode" ></field>
                            <field name="date_availability" string="Available From"></field>
                        </group>
                        <group>
                            <field name="expected_price" string="Expected Price"></field>
                            <field name="selling_price" string="Selling Price"></field>
                        </group>
                    </group>
                    <notebook>
                        <page string="Description">
                            <group>
                                <field name="description"></field>
                                <field name="bedrooms"></field>
                                <field name="living_area"></field>
                                <field name="facades"></field>
                                <field name="garage"></field>
                                <field name="garden"></field>
                                <field name="garden_area"></field>
                                <field name="garden_orientation"></field>
                            </group>
                        </page>
                    </notebook>
                </sheet>
            </form>
        </field>
    </record>

    <record id="estate_property_search_view" model="ir.ui.view">
        <field name="name">estate.property.search</field>
        <field name="model">estate.property</field>
        <field name="arch" type="xml">
            <search string="Estate Property">
                <!-- 搜索 -->
                <field name="name" string="Title" />
                <field name="postcode" string="Postcode"></field>
                <separator/>
                <!-- 筛选 -->
                <filter string="Available" name="state" domain="['|',('state', '=', 'New',('state', '=', 'Offer Received']"></filter>
                <filter name="bedrooms" domain="[('bedrooms', '>', 3]"></filter>
                <filter name="bedrooms and selling_price" domain="[('bedrooms', '>', 2,('selling_price', '>=', 1000]"></filter>
                <!-- 分组 -->
                <group expand="1" string="Group By">
                    <filter string="朝向" name="garden_orientation" context="{'group_by':'garden_orientation'}"/>
                </group>
            </search>
        </field>
    </record>
</odoo>

重启服务，刷新浏览器验证

在odoo中，有两种我们经常引用的两种模型：

res.partner

partner

res.users: 系统用户。可以是内部(internal用户，也就是说有odoo后端的访问权限，可以是门户(portal用户，仅可以访问前端(比如访问他们之前的电子商务订单，不可以访问后端。

练习2

estate.property模块。将它们添加到form视图中新tab页面。

提示：要获取默认值，请查看下面的注解或查看示例

user_id = fields.Many2one('res.users', string='Salesperson', index=True, tracking=True, default=lambda self: self.env.user

注解

self.env 对象为其它请求参数和其它有用的东西提供了访问权限：

self.env.cr 或者self._cr 为数据库游标(cursor对象。用于查询数据库
self.env.uid 或者self._uid 当前用户数据库ID

self.env.user 当前用户记录

self.env.context 或者self._context 上下文字典

self.env.ref(xml_id 返回和XML id对应的记录

self.env[model_name] 返回给定模型的实例

odoo14\custom\estate\models\estate_property.py，内容如下

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from odoo import models,fields

class EstateProperty(models.Model:
    _name = 'estate.property'
    _description = 'estate property table'

    name = fields.Char(required=True
    description = fields.Text(
    postcode = fields.Char(size=15
    date_availability = fields.Datetime('Availability Date', copy=False, default= lambda self: fields.Datetime.today(
    expected_price = fields.Float('expected price', digits=(8, 2,  required=True # 最大8位，小数占2位
    selling_price = fields.Float('selling price', digits=(8, 2, readonly=True, copy=False
    bedrooms = fields.Integer(default=2
    living_area = fields.Integer(
    facades = fields.Integer(
    garage = fields.Boolean('garage'
    garden = fields.Boolean('garden'
    garden_area = fields.Integer(
    garden_orientation = fields.Selection(
        string='Orientation',
        selection=[('north', 'North', ('south', 'South', ('east', 'East', ('West','West'],
        help="garden orientation"
    
    active = fields.Boolean('Active', default=True, invisible=True
    state = fields.Selection(
        string='State',
        selection=[('New','New',
                   ('Offer Received','Offer Received',
                   ('Offer Accepted', 'Offer Accepted',
                   ('Sold','Sold',
                   ('Canceled', 'Canceled'],
        copy=False
    
    property_type_id = fields.Many2one("estate.property.type", string="PropertyType"
    # 以下为本次新增内容
    salesman_id = fields.Many2one("res.users", string="Salesman"
    buyer_id = fields.Many2one("res.partner", string="Buyer", copy=False, default=lambda self: self.env.user

修改odoo14\custom\estate\views\estate_property_views.xml中notebook内容为如下：

                    <notebook>
                        <page string="Description">
                            <group>
                                <field name="description"></field>
                                <field name="bedrooms"></field>
                                <field name="living_area"></field>
                                <field name="facades"></field>
                                <field name="garage"></field>
                                <field name="garden"></field>
                                <field name="garden_area"></field>
                                <field name="garden_orientation"></field>
                            </group>
                        </page>
                        <page string="Other info">
                            <group>
                                <field name="salesman_id" string="Salesman"></field>
                                <field name="buyer_id" string="Buyer"></field>
                            </group>
                        </page>
                    </notebook>

重启服务，浏览器中验证

Many2many

参考：和本主题关联的文档可参考Many2many。

一个地产可以有多个标签，一个标记可以分配给多个房产。这得到了many2many概念的支持。

many2many是一种双向多重关系：一侧的任何记录都可以与另一侧的任何数量的记录相关。例如，为了在我们的测试模型中定义到 account.tax的链接，我们可以这样写：

tax_ids = fields.Many2many("account.tax", string="Taxes"

按约定，many2many字段拥有_ids 后缀。这意味着可以将多个"tax"添加到我们的测试模型。它表现为一个记录列表，意味着必须通过循环访问数据：

for tax in my_test_object.tax_ids:
    print(tax.name

记录列表即为众所周知的recordset，即记录的有序集合。它支持标准Python的集合操作，如len(和iter(，以及recs1 | recs2等额外的集合操作。

练习

estate.property.tag

Field	Type	Attributes
name	Char	required

添加菜单

tag_ids

estate.property

widget="many2many_tags"属性正如这里展示的一样。

<group string="Website Traffic Conditions">
    <field name="country_ids" widget="many2many_tags"/>
    <field name="website_id" options="{'no_open': True, 'no_create_edit': True}" groups="website.group_multi_website"/>
    ...
</group>

添加odoo14\custom\estate\models\estate_property_tag.py，内容如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from odoo import models, fields

class EstatePropertyTag(models.Model:
    _name = 'estate.property.tag'
    _description = 'estate property tag'

    name = fields.Char(string='tag', required=True

修改odoo14\custom\estate\models\__init__.py，内容如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from . import estate_property
from . import estate_property_type
from . import estate_property_tag # 本次新增内容

修改odoo14\custom\estate\security\ir.model.access.csv，内容如下：

id,name,model_id/id,group_id/id,perm_read,perm_write,perm_create,perm_unlink
access_estate_model,access_estate_model,model_estate_property,base.group_user,1,1,1,1
access_estate_property_type_model,access_estate_property_type_model,model_estate_property_type,base.group_user,1,1,1,1
access_estate_property_tag_model,access_estate_property_tag_model,model_estate_property_tag,base.group_user,1,1,1,1

修改odoo14/custom/estate/views/estate_menus.view

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<odoo>
    <menuitem id="test_menu_root" name="Real Estate">
        <menuitem id="test_first_level_menu" name="Advertisements">
            <menuitem id="estate_property_menu_action" action="link_estate_property_action"/>
        </menuitem>
        <menuitem id="settings_menu" name="Settings">
            <menuitem id="property_type_action" action="estate_property_type_action"/>
            <!-- 本次新增内容 -->
            <menuitem id="property_tag_action" action="estate_property_tag_action"/>
        </menuitem>        
    </menuitem>
</odoo>

新增odoo14/custom/estate/views/estate_property_tag_views.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<odoo>
    <record id="estate_property_tag_action" model="ir.actions.act_window">
        <field name="name">Property Tags</field>
        <field name="res_model">estate.property.tag</field>
        <field name="view_mode">tree,form</field>
    </record>

    <record id="estate_property_tag_view_tree" model="ir.ui.view">
        <field name="name">estate.property.tag.tree</field>
        <field name="model">estate.property.tag</field>
        <field name="arch" type="xml">
            <tree string="PropertyTags">
                <field name="name" string="tag"/>
            </tree>
        </field>
    </record>
</odoo>

修改odoo14/custom/estate/__manifest__.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
{
    'name': 'estate',
    'depends': ['base'],
    'data':['security/ir.model.access.csv',
            'views/estate_property_views.xml',
            'views/estate_property_type_views.xml',
            'views/estate_property_tag_views.xml', # 本次新增内容
            'views/estate_menus.xml',
            ]
}

重启服务，刷新浏览器验证，效果如下

odoo14/custom/estate/models/estate_property.py，末尾添加property_tag_id

    tag_ids = fields.Many2many("estate.property.tag"

修改odoo14\custom\estate\views\estate_property_views.xml中estate_property_view_form视图

    <record id="estate_property_view_form" model="ir.ui.view">
        <field name="name">estate.property.form</field>
        <field name="model">estate.property</field>
        <field name="arch" type="xml">
            <form string="estate property form">
                <sheet>
                    <h2>
                        <field name="name"/>
                    </h2>
                    <!--<p>元素为本次添加内容-->
                    <p>
                        <field name="tag_ids" widget="many2many_tags"/>
                    </p>
                    <group>
                        <group>
                            <field name="property_type_id" string="Property Type"/>
                            <field name="postcode" string="Postcode" ></field>
                            <field name="date_availability" string="Available From"></field>
                        </group>
                        <group>
                            <field name="expected_price" string="Expected Price"></field>
                            <field name="selling_price" string="Selling Price"></field>
                        </group>
                    </group>
                    <notebook>
                        <page string="Description">
                            <group>
                                <field name="description"></field>
                                <field name="bedrooms"></field>
                                <field name="living_area"></field>
                                <field name="facades"></field>
                                <field name="garage"></field>
                                <field name="garden"></field>
                                <field name="garden_area"></field>
                                <field name="garden_orientation"></field>
                            </group>
                        </page>
                        <page string="Other info">
                            <group>
                                <field name="salesman_id" string="Salesman"></field>
                                <field name="buyer_id" string="Buyer"></field>
                            </group>
                        </page>
                    </notebook>
                </sheet>
            </form>
        </field>
    </record>

重启服务，验证效果

One2many

参考：主题关联文档可以参考One2many

报价适用于一个房产，但同一个房产可以有多个报价。many2one的概念再次出现。然而，在本例中，我们希望显示给定地产的报价列表，因此我们将使用one2many概念。

one2many是many2one的反向实现。例如，我们通过partner_id字段，在测试模型上定义了到res.partner模型的链接。我们可以定义反向关系，即与partner链接的测试模型列表：

test_ids = fields.One2many("test.model", "partner_id", string="Tests"

第一个参数叫做comodel，第二个参数是我们用于反向查询的字段。

one2many字段都有_ids后缀。它们表现为记录列表，这意味着访问数据必须在循环中完成：

for test in partner.test_ids:
    print(test.name

注意

One2many 是一种虚拟的关系，必须在comodel，必须在comodel中定义Many2one 字段

练习

estate.property.offer

Field	Type	Attributes	Values
price	Float
status	Selection	no copy	Accepted, Refused
partner_id	Many2one (`res.partner`	required
property_id	Many2one (`estate.property`	required

使用price，partner_id，status字段创建列表和表单视图，不必创建动作和菜单

offer_ids字段到estate.property 模型极其表单视图

其次，尽管property_id字段是必需的，但我们没有将其包含在视图中。odoo如何知道我们的报价与哪个房产相关？这就是使用odoo框架的一部分魔力：有时候事情是隐式定义的。当我们通过one2many字段创建记录时，为了方便，会自动填充相应的many2one

odoo14\custom\estate\models\estate_property_offer.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from odoo import models, fields

class EstatePropertyOffer(models.Model:
    _name = 'estate.property.offer'
    _description = 'estate property offer'

    price = fields.Float(string='Price'
    status = fields.Selection(string='Status',
                              selection=[('Accepted', 'Accepted', ('Refused', 'Refused'],
                              copy=False
                              
    partner_id = fields.Many2one('res.partner', required=True
    property_id = fields.Many2one('estate.property', required=True

添加odoo14\custom\estate\views\estate_property_offer_views.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<odoo>
    <record id="estate_property_offer_view_tree" model="ir.ui.view">
        <field name="name">estate.property.offer.tree</field>
        <field name="model">estate.property.offer</field>
        <field name="arch" type="xml">
            <tree string="PropertyOffers">
                <field name="price" string="Price"/>
                <field name="partner_id" string="partner ID"/>
                <field name="validity" string="Validity（days）"/>
                <field name="deadline" string="Deadline"/>
                <field name="status" string="Status"/>
            </tree>
        </field>
    </record>
    <record id="estate_property_offer_view_form" model="ir.ui.view">
        <field name="name">estate.property.offer.form</field>
        <field name="model">estate.property.offer</field>
        <field name="arch" type="xml">
            <form string="estate property offer form">
                <sheet>
                    <group> 
                        <field name="price" string="Price"/>
                        <field name="validity" string="Validity（days）"/>
                        <field name="deadline" string="Deadline"/>
                        <field name="partner_id" string="partner ID"/>
                        <field name="status" string="Status"/>
                    </group>
                </sheet>
            </form>
        </field>
    </record>
</odoo>

修改odoo14\custom\estate\__manifest__.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
{
    'name': 'estate',
    'depends': ['base'],
    'data':['security/ir.model.access.csv',
            'views/estate_property_views.xml',
            'views/estate_property_type_views.xml',
            'views/estate_property_tag_views.xml',
            'views/estate_property_offer_views.xml', # 本次新增内容
            'views/estate_menus.xml',
            ]
}

修改odoo14\custom\estate\models\__init__.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from . import estate_property_type
from . import estate_property_tag
from . import estate_property_offer
from . import estate_property

修改odoo14\custom\estate\security\ir.model.access.csv

id,name,model_id/id,group_id/id,perm_read,perm_write,perm_create,perm_unlink
access_estate_model,access_estate_model,model_estate_property,base.group_user,1,1,1,1
access_estate_property_type_model,access_estate_property_type_model,model_estate_property_type,base.group_user,1,1,1,1
access_estate_property_tag_model,access_estate_property_tag_model,model_estate_property_tag,base.group_user,1,1,1,1
access_estate_property_offer_model,access_estate_property_offer_model,model_estate_property_offer,base.group_user,1,1,1,1

修改odoo14\custom\estate\models\estate_property.py，最末尾添加offer_ids字段，如下

    offer_ids = fields.One2many("estate.property.offer", "property_id", string="PropertyOffer"

修改odoo14\custom\estate\views\estate_property_views.xml 中estate_property_view_form表单视图

    <record id="estate_property_view_form" model="ir.ui.view">
        <field name="name">estate.property.form</field>
        <field name="model">estate.property</field>
        <field name="arch" type="xml">
            <form string="estate property form">
                <sheet>
                    <h2>
                        <field name="name"/>
                    </h2>
                    <p>
                        <field name="tag_ids" widget="many2many_tags"/>
                    </p>
                    <group>
                        <group>
                            <field name="property_type_id" string="Property Type"/>
                            <field name="postcode" string="Postcode" ></field>
                            <field name="date_availability" string="Available From"></field>
                        </group>
                        <group>
                            <field name="expected_price" string="Expected Price"></field>
                            <field name="selling_price" string="Selling Price"></field>
                        </group>
                    </group>
                    <notebook>
                        <page string="Description">
                            <group>
                                <field name="description"></field>
                                <field name="bedrooms"></field>
                                <field name="living_area"></field>
                                <field name="facades"></field>
                                <field name="garage"></field>
                                <field name="garden"></field>
                                <field name="garden_area"></field>
                                <field name="garden_orientation"></field>
                            </group>
                        </page>
                        <page>
                            <field name="offer_ids" />
                        </page>
                        <page string="Other info">
                            <group>
                                <field name="salesman_id" string="Salesman"></field>
                                <field name="buyer_id" string="Buyer"></field>
                            </group>
                        </page>
                    </notebook>
                </sheet>
            </form>
        </field>
    </record>

重启服务，浏览器中验证

编程笔记 » odoo 开发入门教程系列-模型之间的关系(Relations Between Models)

odoo 开发入门教程系列-模型之间的关系(Relations Between Models)

模型之间的关系(Relations Between Models

Many2one

练习1

练习2

Many2many

练习

One2many

练习

相关文章

Hi，您需要填写昵称和邮箱！