Kaptcha是谷歌开源的一款简单实用的图形验证码组件。我个人推荐它的最大原因是容易上手,采用约定大于配置的方式,快速契合到项目中。
话不多说,我们看看该如何使用它:
一、首先我们在springboot中引入以下maven组件:
1 <dependency> 2 <groupId>com.google.code.kaptcha</groupId> 3 <artifactId>kaptcha</artifactId> 4 <version>2.3</version> 5 </dependency>
如果上述组件你一直无法拉取下来的话,也可以用如下配置:
1 <dependency> 2 <groupId>com.github.penggle</groupId> 3 <artifactId>kaptcha</artifactId> 4 <version>2.3.2</version> 5 </dependency>
二、接着我们在springboot项目中加入对应的config配置类,(防盗连接:本文首发自http://www.cnblogs.com/jilodream/ 这一步也可以配合配置中心来完成。它的作用是自动生成我们所需的config bean。
其中的配置项我们都可以选填,这里是只是一个参考,具体内容可见下文表
1 @Component 2 public class KaptchaConfig { 3 4 @Bean 5 public DefaultKaptcha getDefaultKaptcha({ 6 com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.DefaultKaptcha defaultKaptcha = new com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.DefaultKaptcha(; 7 Properties properties = new Properties(; 8 properties.put("kaptcha.border", "no"; 9 properties.put("kaptcha.textproducer.font.color", "red"; 10 properties.put("kaptcha.image.width", "213"; 11 properties.put("kaptcha.image.height", "88"; 12 properties.put("kaptcha.textproducer.font.size", "45"; 13 properties.put("kaptcha.session.key", "verifyCode"; 14 properties.put("kaptcha.textproducer.char.space", "6"; 15 properties.put("kaptcha.obscurificator.impl", "com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.WaterRipple"; 16 // properties.put("kaptcha.textproducer.font.names", "宋体,楷体,微软雅黑"; 17 properties.put("kaptcha.background.clear.from", "yellow"; 18 properties.put("kaptcha.background.clear.to", "green"; 19 Config config = new Config(properties; 20 defaultKaptcha.setConfig(config; 21 22 return defaultKaptcha; 23 } 24 }
配置表
配置名 | 配置作用 | 默认值 |
kaptcha.border | 图片边框,合法值:yes , no | yes |
kaptcha.border.color | 边框颜色,合法值: r,g,b (and optional alpha 或者 white,black,blue. | black |
kaptcha.image.width | 图片宽 | 200 |
kaptcha.image.height | 图片高 | 50 |
kaptcha.producer.impl | 图片实现类 | com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.DefaultKaptcha |
kaptcha.textproducer.impl | 文本实现类 | com.google.code.kaptcha.text.impl.DefaultTextCreator |
kaptcha.textproducer.char.string | 文本集合,验证码值从此集合中获取 | abcde2345678gfynmnpwx |
kaptcha.textproducer.char.length | 验证码长度 | 5 |
kaptcha.textproducer.font.names | 字体 | Arial, Courier |
kaptcha.textproducer.font.size | 字体大小 | 40px. |
kaptcha.textproducer.font.color | 字体颜色,合法值: r,g,b 或者 white,black,blue. | black |
kaptcha.textproducer.char.space | 文字间隔 | 2 |
kaptcha.noise.impl | 干扰实现类 | com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.DefaultNoise |
kaptcha.noise.color | 干扰 颜色,合法值: r,g,b 或者 white,black,blue. | black |
kaptcha.obscurificator.impl |
鱼眼 com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.FishEyeGimpy <br /> |
com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.WaterRipple |
kaptcha.background.impl | 背景实现类 | com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.DefaultBackground |
kaptcha.background.clear.from | 背景颜色渐变,开始颜色 | light grey |
kaptcha.background.clear.to | 背景颜色渐变,结束颜色 | white |
kaptcha.word.impl | 文字渲染器 | com.google.code.kaptcha.text.impl.DefaultWordRenderer |
kaptcha.session.key | session key | KAPTCHA_SESSION_KEY |
kaptcha.session.date | session date | KAPTCHA_SESSION_DATE |
1 @GetMapping("/login/getVerifyCode" 2 public void getVerifyCode(String loginKey, 3 HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, 4 HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse { 5 try { 6 log.warn("query verify Code" + loginKey; 7 loadService.getVerifyCode(loginKey, httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse; 8 } catch (Exception e { 9 log.error("get verify Code failed :", e; 10 } 11 }
service类,新增逻辑:
1 public void getVerifyCode(String loginKey, HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, 2 HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse throws IOException { 3 ByteArrayOutputStream imgOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream(; 4 try { 5 //生产验证码字符串并保存到session中 6 String verifyCode = captchaProducer.createText(; 7 // httpServletRequest.getSession(.setAttribute("verifyCode", verifyCode; // 写入会话 8 //redisCache.setVerifyInfo(loginKey, verifyCode; //写入redis 9 captchaMap.put(loginKey, verifyCode;//写入内存 10 log.warn("reset verify code key {}, code {}", loginKey, verifyCode; 11 BufferedImage challenge = captchaProducer.createImage(verifyCode; 12 ImageIO.write(challenge, "jpg", imgOutputStream; 13 } catch (IllegalArgumentException | IOException e { 14 httpServletResponse.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND; 15 return; 16 } 17 byte[] captchaOutputStream = imgOutputStream.toByteArray(; 18 httpServletResponse.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-store"; 19 httpServletResponse.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache"; 20 httpServletResponse.setDateHeader("Expires", 0; 21 httpServletResponse.setContentType("image/jpeg"; 22 try (ServletOutputStream responseOutputStream = httpServletResponse.getOutputStream( { 23 responseOutputStream.write(captchaOutputStream; 24 responseOutputStream.flush(; 25 } catch (IOException ex { 26 log.error("find ex in create a new verify Code", ex; 27 } 28 }
相关代码全部开发完毕后,我们调用接口查看效果:
1 java.lang.NullPointerException: null 2 at sun.awt.FontConfiguration.getVersion(FontConfiguration.java:1264 3 at sun.awt.FontConfiguration.readFontConfigFile(FontConfiguration.java:219 4 at sun.awt.FontConfiguration.init(FontConfiguration.java:107 5 .....
网上查了下,大致原因是由于我们本地使用的是oraclejdk,但是在docker中jdk的版本则采用的是openjdk。openjdk有些字体的支撑不是很友好,这里需要在制作docker镜像时添加如下语句解决: