一、概述
PUT 和
PATCH
方法用于更新现有资源。 它们之间的区别是,PUT 会替换整个资源,而 PATCH 仅指定更改。
dynamic 在此不表,当我们定义了一个类型用于接收 HTTP Patch 请求参数的时候,在 Action
中无法直接从实例中得知客户端提供了哪些参数。
public class PersonInput
{
public string? Name { get; set; }
public int? Age { get; set; }
public string? Gender { get; set; }
}
public class PersonEntity
{
public string Name { get; set; }
public int Age { get; set; }
public string Gender { get; set; }
}
再定义一个以 FromForm
形式接收参数的 Action:
[HttpPatch]
[Route("patch"]
public ActionResult Patch([FromForm] PersonInput input
{
// 测试代码暂时将 AutoMapper 配置放在方法内。
var config = new MapperConfiguration(cfg =>
{
cfg.CreateMap<PatchInput, PersonEntity>(;
};
var mapper = config.CreateMapper(;
// entity 从数据库读取,这里仅演示。
var entity = new PersonEntity
{
Name = "姓名", // 可能会被改变
Age = 18, // 可能会被改变
Gender = "我可能会被改变",
};
// 如果客户端只输入 Name 字段,entity 的 Age 和 Gender 将不能被正确映射或被置为 null。
mapper.Map(input, entity;
return Ok(;
}
curl --location --request PATCH 'http://localhost:5094/test/patch' \
--form 'Name="foo"'
如果客户端只提供了 Name
而没有其他参数,从 HttpContext.Request.Form.Keys
可以得知这一点。如果不使用 AutoMapper,那么接下来是丑陋的判断:
var keys = _httpContextAccessor.HttpContext.Request.Form.Keys;
if(keys.Contains("Name"
{
// 更新 Name(这里忽略合法性判断
entity.Name = input.Name!;
}
if (keys.Contains("Age"
{
// 更新 Age(这里忽略合法性判断
entity.Age = input.Age!;
}
// ...
本文提供一种方式来简化这个步骤。
二、将 Keys 保存在 Input Model 中
PatchInput 的类:
public abstract class PatchInput
{
[BindNever]
public ICollection<string>? PatchKeys { get; set; }
}
PatchKeys
属性不由客户端提供,不参与绑定。PersonInput 继承自 PatchInput:
public class PersonInput : PatchInput { public string? Name { get; set; } public int? Age { get; set; } public string? Gender { get; set; } }
三、定义 ModelBinderFactory 和 ModelBinder
public class PatchModelBinder : IModelBinder { private readonly IModelBinder _internalModelBinder; public PatchModelBinder(IModelBinder internalModelBinder { _internalModelBinder = internalModelBinder; } public async Task BindModelAsync(ModelBindingContext bindingContext { await _internalModelBinder.BindModelAsync(bindingContext; if (bindingContext.Model is PatchInput model { // 将 Form 中的 Keys 保存在 PatchKeys 中 model.PatchKeys = bindingContext.HttpContext.Request.Form.Keys; } } }
public class PatchModelBinderFactory : IModelBinderFactory { private ModelBinderFactory _modelBinderFactory; public PatchModelBinderFactory( IModelMetadataProvider metadataProvider, IOptions<MvcOptions> options, IServiceProvider serviceProvider { _modelBinderFactory = new ModelBinderFactory(metadataProvider, options, serviceProvider; } public IModelBinder CreateBinder(ModelBinderFactoryContext context { var modelBinder = _modelBinderFactory.CreateBinder(context; // ComplexObjectModelBinder 是 internal 类 if (typeof(PatchInput.IsAssignableFrom(context.Metadata.ModelType && modelBinder.GetType(.ToString(.EndsWith("ComplexObjectModelBinder" { modelBinder = new PatchModelBinder(modelBinder; } return modelBinder; } }
四、在 ASP.NET Core 项目中替换 ModelBinderFactory
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args; // Add services to the container. builder.Services.AddPatchMapper(;
AddPatchMapper
是一个简单的扩展方法:public static class PatchMapperExtensions { public static IServiceCollection AddPatchMapper(this IServiceCollection services { services.Replace(ServiceDescriptor.Singleton<IModelBinderFactory, PatchModelBinderFactory>(; return services; } }
到目前为止,在 Action 中已经能获取到请求的 Key 了。
[HttpPatch] [Route("patch"] public ActionResult Patch([FromForm] PersonInput input { // 不需要手工给 input.PatchKeys 赋值。 return Ok(; }
PatchKeys
的作用是利用 AutoMapper。五、定义 AutoMapper 的 TypeConverter
public class PatchConverter<T> : ITypeConverter<PatchInput, T> where T : new( { private static readonly IDictionary<string, Action<T, object>> _propertySetters; static PatchConverter( { _propertySetters = typeof(T.GetProperties(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public .ToDictionary(p => p.Name, CreatePropertySetter; } private static Action<T, object> CreatePropertySetter(PropertyInfo propertyInfo { var targetType = propertyInfo.DeclaringType!; var parameterExpression = Expression.Parameter(typeof(object, "value"; var castExpression = Expression.Convert(parameterExpression, propertyInfo.PropertyType; var targetExpression = Expression.Parameter(targetType, "target"; var propertyExpression = Expression.Property(targetExpression, propertyInfo; var assignExpression = Expression.Assign(propertyExpression, castExpression; var lambdaExpression = Expression.Lambda<Action<T, object>>(assignExpression, targetExpression, parameterExpression; return lambdaExpression.Compile(; } /// <inheritdoc /> public T Convert(PatchInput source, T destination, ResolutionContext context { if (destination == null { destination = new T(; } if (source.PatchKeys == null { return destination; } var sourceType = source.GetType(; foreach (var key in source.PatchKeys { if (_propertySetters.TryGetValue(key, out var propertySetter { var sourceValue = sourceType.GetProperty(key?.GetValue(source!; propertySetter(destination, sourceValue; } } return destination; } }
六、模型映射
[HttpPatch] [Route("patch"] public ActionResult Patch([FromForm] PersonInput input { // 1. 目前仅支持 `FromForm`,即 `x-www-form_urlencoded` 和 `form-data`;暂不支持 `FromBody` 如 `raw` 等。 // 2. 使用 ModelBinderFractory 创建 ModelBinder 而不是 ModelBinderProvider 以便于未来支持更多的输入格式。 // 3. 目前还没有支持多级结构。 // 4. 测试代码暂时将 AutoMapper 配置放在方法内。 var config = new MapperConfiguration(cfg => { cfg.CreateMap<PatchInput, PersonEntity>(.ConvertUsing(new PatchConverter<PersonEntity>(; }; var mapper = config.CreateMapper(; // PersonEntity 有 3 属性,客户端如果提供 0 或 2 个参数,在 Map 时未提供参数的属性值不会被改变。 var entity = new PersonEntity { Name = "姓名", Age = 18, Gender = "我是不会变的哦" }; mapper.Map(input, entity; return Ok(; }
七、测试
curl --location --request PATCH 'http://localhost:5094/test/patch' \ --form 'Name="foo"'
或
curl --location --request PATCH 'http://localhost:5094/test/patch' \ --header 'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded' \ --data-urlencode 'Name=foo'
源码
Tubumu.PatchMapper
参考资料
如何在 ASP.NET Core Web API 中处理 JSON Patch 请求